Mamenchisaurus - Facts and Figures

Mamenchisaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Mamenchisaurus (Greek for Mamenxi reptile); articulated mama MEN-chih-SORE-us Territory: Woodlands and fields of Asia Verifiable Period: Late Jurassic (160-145 million years prior) Size and Weight: Up to 115 feet in length and 50-75 tons Diet: Plants Recognizing Characteristics: Uncommonly long neck, made out of 19 prolonged vertebrate; long, whiplike tail About Mamenchisaurus On the off chance that it hadnt been named after the area of China where it was found, in 1952, Mamenchisaurus may better have been called Neckosaurus. This sauropod (the group of huge, herbivorous, elephant-legged dinosaurs that ruled the late Jurassic time frame) wasnt very as thickly worked as increasingly renowned cousins like Apatosaurus or Argentinosaurus, yet it had the most amazing neck of any dinosaur of its kindover 35 feet since a long time ago, made out of no under nineteen immense, lengthened vertebrae (the majority of any sauropods except for Supersaurus and Sauroposeidon). With such a long neck, you may expect that Mamenchisaurus stayed alive on the highest leaves of tall trees. In any case, a few scientistss accept that this dinosaur, and different sauropods like it, was unequipped for holding its neck to its full vertical position, and rather cleared it to and fro near the ground, similar to the hose of a mammoth vacuum cleaner, as it devoured low-lying growth. This contention is intently attached to the warm-blooded/merciless dinosaur banter: its hard to envision a wanton Mamenchisaurus having a powerful enough digestion (or a sufficient heart) to empower it to siphon blood 35 feet straight very high, however a warm-blooded Mamenchisaurus presents its own arrangement of issues (counting the possibility that this plant-eater would actually cook itself from the back to front). There are as of now seven recognized Mamenchisaurus species, some of which may fall by the wayside as more exploration is directed on this dinosaur. The sort species, M. constructus, which was found in China by an expressway development group, is spoken to by a 43-foot-long fractional skeleton; M. anyuensis was at any rate 69 feet in length; M. hochuanensis, 72 feet in length; M. jingyanensis, up to 85 feet in length; M. sinocanadorum, up to 115 feet in length; and M. youngi, a moderately runty 52 feet in length; a seventh animal categories. M. fuxiensis, may not be a Mamenchisaurus at everything except a related family of sauropod (temporarily named Zigongosaurus). Mamenchisaurus was firmly identified with other since quite a while ago necked Asian sauropods, including Omeisaurus and Shunosaurus.

The Extinction of Baiji Essay Example for Free

The Extinction of Baiji Essay The Baiji, otherwise called the Chinese River Dolphin, are a piece of the family Plantanistiade, the stream dolphin family. They had exsited in the Yangtze River in China for thousand of years. All things considered, the Baiji was as of late announced wiped out. The baiji’s end can be credited to over angling, its deadly condition and the Great Leap Forward in China. Extreme and unlawful angling was an extraordinary danger to the baiji’s lifestyle. Electric angling and the angling strategy called â€Å"rolling hooks† were been restricted in China. In any case, anglers on the Yangtze River despite everything use them out of comfort, and requirement of the boycott was troublesome. The master Zhou states, â€Å"This (electic) angling technique, in which an under waterdevice is utilized to stagger amphibian creatures, murders any living being induding what was at one time the dolphin’s prey.† 40 percent of Dolphins passings were because of this sort of angling yearly (Gerg Ruland). Likewise, moving snares, â€Å"long, interlaced lines with various sharp snares are intended to get fish, caused various baiji death.† For whatever length of time that the baiji was gotten by one of the snares, it would battle with all the more moving snares. At long last, the blood flew out of the baiji’s body, and it would kick the bucket. (Memorial for a Freashwater Dolphin) . The earth in the Yangtze River, where the baiji had settled its living space in, was lethal to the baiji. Traffic on the Yangtza River, which is the busiest on the planet, harmed the tryout of the baiji. Lovgren in his article expresses that, â€Å"The enormous boat traffic on the Yangtze, one of the world’s busiest conduits, puzzles the sonic wave that the about visually impaired dolphin used to rely upon to discover food.† Moreover, the pontoons on the Yangtze pulled in some of the baiji to crash into propellers, since the propellers created a great part of the sound wave and confounded the baiji’s tryout (Ruland). Another assignable reason that devastated the baiji’s territory was dams along the Yangtze River. Thes dams additionally decimated the nature of the stream. What's more, when the greatest dam, the Three Gorges Hydroelectric Dam in 1994, started to be developed, this â€Å"wreaked devastation on the baiji’s remaining natural surroundings. In 1997, just 13 baiji remained† (The Tragedy of the Yangtze River Dolphin). Individuals exploit the important nature assets, living close by the Yangtze. Be that as it may, on account of the over the top use, the baiji couldn't get by in the dying condition lastly pass on. In any case, neither Chinese individuals nor the Chinese government remembered the assurance of the species during the timeframe of the Great Leap Forward, which was an ideal opportunity to change China into an advanced, industrialized socialist society. The baiji’s populace declined significantly at that point. The baiji was reviled for their verifiable status, â€Å"Goddess of the Yangtze River† (Smith, et al). Therefore individuals were urged to slaughter the baiji, since the tale of this species was viewed as a piece of strange notion and feudalism. The baiji likewise executed for their white skin and flesh(Smith, et al) . It was urged for the contemporary to murder the baiji, since they treat baiji as their benefit and the image of the awful conventional impact. All in all, the termination of the baiji came about because of human exercises. Individuals who live close by the Yangtze improved their live relied upon the wrecking the baiji’s living space and catching the baiji. The deplorability of the baiji’s elimination included some significant pitfalls while the expectation for everyday comforts of individuals was advanced.

September Questions Omnibus 2

September Questions Omnibus 2 Questions Omnibus is the place to come for official answers! Melissa wrote, Should I call you Mr. Matt, or just Matt? Anyways, Im in my hotel room at the Doubletree, having just gotten back from the Info Session. Mad props! It was definetly something Id attend again, even though Id be hearing the same information over again. Anyways, it was definetly worth flying down here from Tallahassee. ( I was the girl with the dad who asked about MIT statistics, the astro-physics girl. ^^;; ) Call me Matt! Thanks for coming to the session. For those of you who have driven/flown a long way to come to a meeting, I hope it was worth the long journey. We do our best to make it worth your while, including staying after to answer any questions. Anyway, Melissa, heres some more great information about Astrophysics at MIT:[emailprotected]Prof. Alan Guth (rumored future Nobel Laureate)Prof. Paul Schechter, the other professor I was telling you aboutThe MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space ResearchA few courses in Astrophysics Hope thats helpful! Tracy wrote, Does MIT accept supplemental material with the freshman application? Like, say I wanted to get an extra letter of recommendation from my boss at workcould I send that in along with my teacher and guidance counselor recs? Or is that like, overdoing it and being pushy and generally not recommended? Grazi! We will accept supplemental material (within reason!). An extra recommendation from your boss would be great. Thats exactly the kind of supplemental material that is very useful. I look forward to seeing your application! Rushil wrote, I am an international applicant from India. I have been selected under the National Science Fellowship (KVPY) conducted by the Government of India, IIT Bobaby and IISc, Bangalore. I dont know if you already know about it but if you have the time, ill request you to visit www.iisc.ernet.in/kvpy to get more info about the above scholarship. I would just like to ask your views on how the KVPY scholarship and summer camp compares with the RSI conducted at MIT by CEE regrading importance in the international admission process. How do the 2 programs (RSI and KVPY) compare in terms of chances for admission. Ine heard that RSI almost assures admission at MIT. Is this true? As Ive written before: Those who are admitted to RSI have many of the same qualities we look for in MIT applicants, but there is no magic ticket for MIT admissions. With regard to KVPY, it certainly has a lower admit rate than RSI or MIT, and Id imagine the students are top-notch. To be funded for research at some of Indias top institutions is quite an opportunity. Id imagine that KVPY students would be very competitive in the international admissions pool. Rushil wrote, If I wsih to give more details of my academic achievements (NOT AN ESSAY) and other exams I am planning to take(excluding those in the MIT list), I include them in the part 2 of the Completely optional section. Right?? Also, could you plz answer my original question regarding the comparison between KVPY(please follow given link www.iisc.ernet.in/kvpy) and RSI in terms of MIT International Freshman Admission. Are the posts in comments by Timur SAhin oficial? When will MAtt answer these? Im answering these questions now =) I appreciate the help of some readers like Timur and leftcoastmom, but unless theyre quoting one of the admissions officers or one of our publications, you should consider their answers unofficial (though usually very helpful!). See above for the answer to your KVPY question. Also, if you want to submit further details of achievements and exams, submit those as you see fit; on the online application, the anything else? question is a great place. Anonymous [Shikhar?] wrote, Anyways, regarding the community service, does teaching poor students and getting a 4-year poor child into school and teaching him everyday etc. fit into the MIT Admission Picture? ALso, do you accept optional references and some projects I have made? I had read in an earlier post by you that international students attach resumes, certificates etc. Can we send these or are they seen with even a tiny bit of anger by the admission comittee. Also, what exactly do you mean by an extra resume? With regard to the community service, well want to hear more about it in the application and well evaluate it at that point. In general, service is a good thing. Lipei wrote, I recently was asked to speak with my teacher about US History to 5 AOL Time Warner interns selected by the National Committee on US-China Relations. I assume I should put this in the optional essay part but can you verify where I should include this in my application? Im not sure I quite understand what you mean is it this? but your teacher should mention it in his/her recommendation for you, and you can note it among your awards honors. You can also, like you say, attach an additional note about your honor. Ben wrote, Thanks for putting out these question omnibuses out, Matt. They really help answer the questions I have. However, I have one of my own: My mom currently attends community college part time to earn a degree in nursing (she works part-time as a nursing assistant at a hospital). How do I report this in my application? For occupation, write Part-time nursing assistant and nursing [or RN] student; for education level, choose Some college. Hows that sound? Leon wrote, Hi, Matt. I have another question. I have come to the United States for roughly four years ,and I do not speak English at home. While trying to complete Part 2 of the MIT application, the directions strongly suggests me to take the TOEFL. Ive neither seen nor taken the TOEFL. On the other hand, I had fulfilled all the requirements for Native English Speakers by taking both the old and the new SAT as well as more than 3 SAT IIs, and my scores are high. So in my case, would you rather advise me to fill in my SAT scores like a native english speaker instead of taking the TOEFL like the directions suggest for students of my background? If you have high scores on the SAT already, there is no need for you to take the TOEFL. We strongly suggest the TOEFL because we find that it often benefits the student. We honestly have no preference between the two testing options (SAT 1 or ACT, and 3 SAT IIs; or TOEFL and 2 SAT IIs), so you should do whatever you believe makes you look best. If you submit both the SAT I and the TOEFL, we will use whichever option makes you look best, regardless of what option you formally chose on the application. Carla wrote, I am a international applicant, but I am going to go to Belgium to study for a year so I would like to know if I should send my application this year or next. Thanks a lot for answering all our questions it is really helpful If your study in Belgium is part of your formal schooling, I might recommend you apply next year. However, you may want to settle some application pieces, such as your recommendations and transcript, from your current school before you leave. Without knowing more about your situation, its hard to give excellent advice, but from what youve said so far my instinct is that you should apply next year. Dan wrote, Im a senior taking EPGY Multivariable Calculus this year. Will I have to take multivariable again in MIT if I get accepted? Im a big fan of EPGY; I hope youre enjoying multivariable calculus. Assuming what you learn is equivalent to MITs multivariable calculus, and you receive transfer credit or show your knowledge through an Advanced Standing Exam during your Orientation, then you wont need to take the class here, and will advance to the next level. Kishor wrote, im an applicant from nepal. being an international applicant,i had made my mind to take the toefl and the two sat subject tests,one in physics and one in maths(iic).but the toefl representive of my country admits that the resistration for toefl has been closed for now and test date for december is already packed,which happens to be the last month for the standard tests to be taken. due to these circumstancs i switched to the another option ie: sat 1 and three sat subject tests. so can i take physics,chemistry and math(iic)as my three sat subject tests or am i restricted to take only one subject test from science?, which in turn forces me to take either the langauge test or the history test. but these subjects are completely alien to me.so what should i do? secondly, does mit consider the toefl test given in janaury test date if i have a different situation here? and what does it really mean by :case by case in the context of the test given in janaury test date? do i fall in that catagory? to whom shall i admit my situation about the toefl test formally and if theres any deadline for admitting the unforseen situations please do mention it. Yes, you can submit physics, chemistry and math as your three SAT IIs, that is not a problem. You do not need to take a language or history test. We evaluate each situation to determine if we can accept January test scores. I dont know what the determination will be in your case, but you should submit your request to [emailprotected] Shikhar wrote, I am a bit confused regarding my essay to MIT. Basically I want to tell you how being in a small city (that too in India) I missed out on lots of competitions and science activities that never came to our school and I want to tell how I still managed to get good competitions (all by my own effort) to follow my passions. How(or more appropriately where) should I put all this down in the application. Is it okay if I send this as a reply to question 14. P.S. Do you people have info sessions here in India. If not you should seriously look into it as there are many MIT fanatics here. That sounds like a very appropriate answer to Essay choice B, the one where you talk about your community. You could also talk about this as a reply to question 14. Also, we have not had any information sessions in India (in fact, we havent done any international information sessions in several years). This is a topic, though, that I hope to discuss further in a future blog entry. Anonymous asked, can i send the informations of the part 1 of the application on the computer printout of the part 1 Yes, we are happy to accept the application as a printout, from the paper application, or online. We do encourage you to use the online application, but we will treat applications in the same way regardless of how they are submitted. Angie wrote, Hi, Im a junior and Im interested in applying for the MITES Program. Can you give me an idea of what does the curriculum consists of? Any advice on what to concentrate on my application for next summer? From the MITES website: MITES participants spend a rigorous 30-35 hours in classes and lab each week and receive daily assignments. If you explore further at the MITEs site, you can see a list of course options including Calculus, Physics, Chemistry, Humanities, Internet Programming, MEchanical Engineering Design, and Genomics as well as the schedule the students followed this past summer. As for how to be admitted to MITESYESS Program), as admission to these excellent (and free!) programs is quite competitive. Ill talk a little more about MITES, RSI, WTP and other summer programs in December. Victor wrote, Are pictures allowed in the essays? (e.g. the one that shows what you like to do in your spare time and the build something one) Yes. In fact, pictures are often very helpful, especially for the completely optional (and yes, it really is completely optional) extra question about something youve created. I look forward to seeing your creation!

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United States Declaration of Independence Analysis Essay

My document is going to analyze the â€Å"United States Declaration of Independence† which was published on July 4th, 1776. It was written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Second Continental Congress, states the reasons the British colonies of North America sought independence in July of 1776. The declaration opens with a preamble describing the documents necessity, in explaining why the colonies have overthrown their ruler, and chosen to take their place as a separate nation, and to be independent in the world. The United States of America only has a little over two hundred years of history, but it is the most powerful country in this world. I want to study what could cause this country with such a short history to become so powerful.†¦show more content†¦The third part supported the declaration. Here is the summary for each of the three parts. â€Å"In the first part, the political philosophy of the declaration of independence. The main content speaks of free dom, democracy, and the governments organization and social contract. The British governments behavior, from the Angle of policy, to attack. This is mainly thanks to the spread of the colonial separatist movement. Colonies more relaxed social democratic atmosphere. The colonial peoples desire for freedom, and their enterprising spirit was the inner motive power of enlightenment spread. To the eve of the war of independence, the enlightenment has deep into the masses of the people. All political declaration, were found in the philosophy and culture, the declaration of independence. To describe revolutionary struggle in this paper, the theoretical basis and at the same time, the part played is in the masses of people to mobilize.† The enlightenment was a big step to support the revolution. â€Å"In the second part, the Declaration of Independence section lists a total of twenty-nine cases, to prove George III and the British government for the entire North American colonies per secution. These fifteen of the legislative and judicial aspects related. This shows that the legal aspects related to the rights of the rights of the most major North AmericanShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The American Declaration Of Independence1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Constitution and the American Declaration of Independence The Constitution of the United States of America is always touted and considered by many across the globe as one of the most liberal and people-friendly Constitutions in the world over. This assertion flows from the lofty language with which the document was written by its drafters and further inherent in the subsequent amendments. It represents the supreme law of the U.S, having been promulgated back in 1778. On the otherRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence Essays1206 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Quang Thai Professor Allison English 101 2 September 2014 Rhetorical Analysis In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson, one of the founding fathers of the United States, explains to his readers why the colonies chose to abolish Great Britain’s government. His goal is to inform the readers that the government has certain responsibilities to the governed and that the British failed to adhere to its responsibilities to its colonists. His second goal is to justify their actions by explainingRead MoreAnalysis of the Declaration of Independence Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson was made in order to give the colonists a way to break free from the shackles of King George. This document has affected the building blocks of the United States and is one of the most important documents in U.S. history. The Declaration of Independance was the foundation of what this country was based on. However, what Jefferson and the other signers might not have expected is the strech, the firmRead MoreDeclaration of Independence Essay example888 Words   |  4 Pagesmost significant task was given to Thomas Jefferson - to compose the Declaration of Independence. People from the committee of the congress such as, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston selected Jefferson to compose the Declaration’s first draft. They were all aware that he was able to produce powerful and striking sentences. Thomas Jefferson did not get to the basis of the Declaration of independence by meditation or predictio n, nor by his own experience. He was cleverRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr s Letter Of Birmingham Jail903 Words   |  4 Pagessocietal thought, freedom, is the power to act, speak, or think as one wants without the concern of being oppressed (Webster). Freedom, is a unique element to the mixture of liberty across the United States. Martin Luther King Jr’s a â€Å"letter of Birmingham Jail,† and Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence both advocate the claim for freedom. Both of these historical figures make this apparent by arguing for the protest against tradition, a change across unjust laws, although they differ betweenRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Declaration Of Independence.1343 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence The Declaration of Independence is arguably the most important historical work of the pre-modern era. Because of this document, America was recognized for its brash, albeit just demands for independence from Britain. Aside from the obvious historical significance and precedence of the document, its composition was constructed in such a way that conveyed the determination of a new nation to be one in its own. Historical context and rhetoricalRead MoreJonathan Swift s Modest Proposal1562 Words   |  7 Pagesand Thomas Jefferson s â€Å"Declaration of Independence†. Point 1: Swift s Modest Proposal effectively uses appropriate and convincing proof to clearly support its claim that imperialism is an ineffective and oppressive ideology that opposes the public good of many. The Declaration of Independence and Shooting an Elephant show minimal proof to support the central theme. Proof 1: In a list of oppressive acts committed by the King of Great Britain, Jefferson states that He has forbidden hisRead MoreWhy the ratification of the constitution was a good thing1595 Words   |  5 Pagesthing The Constitution of the United States is one of the first written constitutions and one of the ‘oldest’ to have been made on the national level and applicable today. It was developed and adopted by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in May and September, 1787. The Constitution of 1787 followed the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. 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School Uniform Free Essays

After a long termed research at the subject, whether students are satisfied with the fact that they have to wear a school uniform or not we have come to the conclusion that all the opinions at this subject are approximately divided into two halves. One half of the interviewed students was in favor of school uniforms wearing, the second half was against it. If you have received a task to write persuasive essay on school uniform, you can choose any of the above-mentioned options. We will write a custom essay sample on School Uniform or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, we decided to provide in our article the theses, which you may use in both of the cases for your persuasive essay on school uniforms writing. Theses in favor of uniform wearing to mention in your persuasive essay on school uniform: †¢School uniform makes children treat the process of their study in a serious way, as school uniform disciplines students. As the person gets dressed each morning while going to work, students also put on their uniforms, this make them consider their study to be a responsible assignment. Mention this idea in your persuasive essay on school uniform. All the students are dressed in one and the same way that is why there are no any fights and bullying among the students because of the clothing matters. Extend on this idea while your persuasive essay on school uniform writing. †¢Wearing uniforms make children to be concentrated to their study instead of being concentrated at the subject what to wear in order to look better than the girl sitting next to. †¢School uniform is really cheap one if to compare it with all the other clothing. It is cheaper to buy the inform than to buy the clothing which should be changed almost each day. Theses against wearing uniform which you can mention in your persuasive essay on school uniform writing: †¢School is not a prison to wear one and the same uniform. †¢School uniform does not let students express themselves. †¢School uniform kills the individuality of children and makes them be just a part of faceless crowd. †¢School uniform does not fit everyone and makes some of the students to look ridicules. All the above-mentioned theses are just some ideas for your persuasive essay on school uniform writing, extend on these ideas, create your own ones while persuasive essay on school uniforms writing. Have a pleasant work. How to cite School Uniform, Papers School Uniform Free Essays string(90) " each other feel like they are accepted and part of a much bigger picture than just them\." School Uniforms Should Students in Public Schools Wear Uniforms? Abstract One of the most controversial issues in public school is the school uniforms. In 1996, the issue of school uniforms was bought to the forefront in President Clinton State of the Union address. People argue that uniforms can make schools safer and improve attendance and increase student’s achievement. We will write a custom essay sample on School Uniform or any similar topic only for you Order Now People opposing school uniforms argue that it has not been proven to work with discipline, attendance or the student’s achievement. The purpose of this research is to find out if school uniforms will work in all elementary public schools. Do the students and their parents want a change in their school district attempting to control many aspects, attendance, academic achievement, self-esteem, safety and violence? Interested in positive changes in the students success and achievement may want to consider school uniform policy in their school district. School Uniforms Uniforms in public elementary schools can have an impact on the students and on the school system. The students can focus more on their classes rather than social factors that students focus on when there is no school uniform and the dress code is not strict. There is no competition between peers to outdo each other when wearing uniforms. Some parents complain that uniforms are too costly for them, but uniforms are actually more affordable and there are fewer clothes to buy because everyone will be dressed in similar clothing. There are also ways to help low-income families with the cost. The school can set up funding for low income families to help pay for the uniforms for their children in the form of donations, clothing vouchers, and support from the business partners of the communities; this problem can be overcome. The thrift stores and uniform supply houses also reduce the cost for the clothing. These things combined can make it far less costly to purchase standard clothing than to meet the demand for designer clothing worn now. Many private schools have required uniforms for a number of years and now public schools are adopting the school uniform policy. With Long Beach, California being the first large urban school district to enforce uniforms to all students in Kindergarten through eighth grade in 1995. In 1999, New York City enforced uniforms in 70 percent of their schools. In 2000, Philadelphia enforced the uniforms district wide and 60 percent in Miami and 80 percent in Chicago (Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006). Since then school uniforms in public schools are becoming increasingly popular across the nation. Several other states have already implemented uniform policies in Texas, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Los Angeles, Michigan, Florida, Utah, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia, and District of Columbia. Many large public school systems including Baltimore, Cincinnati, Dayton, Detroit, Los Angeles, Memphis, Milwaukee, Nashville, New Orleans, Phoenix, Seattle and St. Louis have schools with either voluntary or mandatory uniform policies, mostly in elementary and middle schools (Brunsma, 2006). Advocates believe that the uniform policies have great benefits. They believe that it eliminates conflict over expensive items of clothing and has a business-like atmosphere to the school (Darden, p. 36). They also think that the uniforms will make schools safer, improve attendance, and a higher education achievement. By wearing uniforms in school they will be able to identify trespassers and setting a good example for the students who are serious about school work and their studies, and also discourages the activities of gang members and the tensions that result from wearing gang clothing attire (Boutelle, 2008). Opponents feel there is not enough evidence to support the relationship between the uniforms and discipline or uniforms and students achievement. According to Brunsma (2006, p. 85), he suggest that uniform policies may only serve as a band-aid in dealing with the problems of schools and may only provide policymakers a way to avoid making the decisions necessary to reform public education. Now the question is, â€Å"Would Delaware public elementary schools benefit greatly if this policy were adopted? † Resistance is always a factor when trying to make changes. Some par ents and students may not want the school uniforms for a variety of reasons. If the parents and students realize that uniforms will benefit them in the long run they may change their minds. There are many advantages to school uniforms, including academic advantages, social outcomes, behavioral issues, safety and cost of uniforms. Research is needed because elementary schools will benefit more if they had a school uniform policy enforced. Literature Review School uniforms have been the cause of many jokes and harassment to those who wore them. In the past, public schools considered uniforms old and out dated trends, though recently many public schools are starting to implement and enforce a uniform policy. The implementation of a school uniform policy is important if we are still striving to improve our students. The arguments against them are fading while the positive reasons for promoting school uniforms are gaining ground. Some of the possible benefits are safety, cost, uniformity and violence in academics instead of fashions. According to Boutelle (2008), school uniforms in today’s society â€Å"promote school safety and enhance the learning environment, and diminish the clothing completion† (p. 3). School uniforms unify a school and help the blending of the school cultures, instead of separating the students. Along with school uniforms there is a boost in academic performance. With the United States dropping behind other developed nation ranking in at number 18 of 24 (Boutelle, 2007), this is low for a nation that is spending a lot on education every year. Students are losing focus on school and are competing for what the newest fashion or gadget rather than focusing on school these days. With the addition of school uniforms in American society, students can focus more on their classes rather than social factors that students focus on when there is no school uniform and the dress code is not strict. With the addition of school uniforms in public schools students are bonding together helping each other feel like they are accepted and part of a much bigger picture than just them. You read "School Uniform" in category "Essay examples" Everyone wearing uniforms also makes it very easy to recognize people who are not supposed to be there or can make an intruder stand out in a crowd. The Department of Education gave out manuals to all of the nation’s 16,000 school districts with suggestions to make school uniforms mandatory and model programs that are in a few public schools (Brunsma, 119). Reasons for implementing uniforms included: reduce peer pressure, increase school pride, gear focus more to learning, assist in discipline problems, and create a more work-like atmosphere with less distractions and expense. Schools that have significant problems are mostly likely to have school uniforms. Having a good overlap of a zero-tolerance policies and school uniform policies do not need the security guards, metal detectors, sign-in policies, or the limited restroom time (Brunsma, p. 51). Many parents are faced with the dilemma of outfitting their children in the latest trends or putting money towards more important things like saving for their children’s college education. Some families are unable to afford the popular named brand clothing that their children desires, which make the children, feel inadequate in school when they are forced to wear lesser brand clothes. Granted, the cost may be a bit more substantial in the beginning, but the uniforms will last longer which means there is less out-of-pocket expense for replacement articles. With uniforms, the parents may only have to purchase two or three sets compared to several pairs of bottoms and tops. Uniforms are more durable and can be washed more frequently compared to regular clothes. This makes them the better option not only for lower income families, but all families in general. Parents claim that uniforms will cost the families more money in the long run because parents will be forced to buy the uniforms and regular clothing for their children to wear when they are not in school. The cost for parents may double that of just buying traditional school clothes. Although this is partly true that parents would be faced making additional purchases for their children, in reality, should still be spending less money. Since uniforms are more durable, the parents only need to buy a limited supply and since the children will only be wearing their regular clothes outside of school, parents will not have to buy as many outfits. Most children wear out their clothes while in school. Since this is not an issue with the uniforms because they are worn during school hours only the traditional street clothes will last longer, hence saving the parents money in the long run. Also without the constant competition in schools, children may not feel the need to have the latest brands and styles as they would if they were wearing the clothes to school on a daily basis around other social classes. There are some objections to having children wear uniforms in school. The most popular one is the price of the uniforms; sometimes they may cost a lot depending on the company from which they are purchased. If the school does not go through a certain company but just asks the parents to buy certain colored shirts and pants, with no form f a logo on them, this would help make the cost of the uniform a lot less. Also, if the parents financially could not afford to buy the uniforms, then the parents would have to show proof of this and file for help with school board, which could provide them with a small grant to be used on the uniforms. In California, parents from low-income families are entitled to financial help and are able to receive assistance in purchasing the u niforms (Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006). Lake Forest School District in Delaware does not supplement the cost of the uniforms to low income families but if a child is in need they do go case by case. The school nurse keeps uniforms on stock and the local church also supplies the uniforms (Ms. Lands). Today’s style of uniforms is more relaxed than what they were before. The boys would wear dark slacks, white shirts and a tie and the girls wore a traditional blazer, white blouse and a plaid skirt. Now they can wear khaki pants or blue jeans with a white T-shirt, denim shirt or skirts. The largest manufacture French Toast has more than 4,000 school uniform items (Anderson, 2004). On the FrenchToast. com website short sleeve dress shirts with collar for boys cost $9. 98, pants $16. 8 and for girls the blouses and skirts are $9. 98 and pants are $14. 98. If parents could get them on sale they would defiantly save money. French Toast has a â€Å"Dollar in Uniform† fundraising event going on right now if the parents order from their website than the school they select will get a five percent cash back. Not only do mandatory uniform policies for public schools offer the pot ential for higher educational benefits and improved student discipline, school uniforms dissolve social boundaries between classmates. Students are no longer judged based off their appearance but by who they are on the inside. There is no more competition between social classes that these students may have otherwise felt and they work together as a team and share a common pride. All students will feel a sense of belonging. No longer will lower income children be labeled as poor based on their clothing. All children will appear as equals in the classroom and will be treated as such (Viadero, 2005). School violence can be greatly reduced by the use of school uniforms. With kids unable to noticeably tell or distinguish which kids belong to what gangs in school if any at all. Also, with uniforms it’s much harder to tell which kids come are wealthy and which kids come from needy families. This can relieve kids of the stress that social economic status can bring. With uniforms children blend, which helps kids see who the actual person is rather then who or where they came from or what their culture is or background. Stepping into any public school with a normal dress code during lunch is evidence of the different groups in a school including different educational and social statuses. Some school gangs separate themselves by their clothes. At any moment there could be a confrontation between any of these groups and instantly a conflict has started or worse school violence could happen between people. When something happens everything is stopped until the situation gets resolved whether it’s broken up by the school cop, teachers, or resolved between the people it happened between. Some of this can be stopped, as Bill Clinton said in his 1996 State of Union Address â€Å"I challenge all our schools to teach character education, to teach good values and good citizenship. And if it means that teenager will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniform. In the first year of using school uniform Long Beach, California, the school officials found that suspensions dropped by 28 percent; assault and battery decreased 34 percent fighting decreased 56 percent; sex offenses decreased 74 percent; vandalism decreased 18 percent and school crime decreased 86 percent (Brunsma, p. 36). With less violence in the school, more students want to come to school. Therefore more students would be more interested in going to school (Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006). RESULTS The school uniforms maybe a means of improving our efforts to help students in becoming healthier, making them a better citizen in their community and being an interest in our society. Realizing that the success of this policy may depend on each individual school system and their needs, and knowing a school uniform policy is not good for every school is of utmost importance. The studies that have been done have lacked the evidence that supports the school uniforms. Some schools might benefit from a school uniform policy. When adopting a school uniform policy many schools also adopted other new programs at the same time. It was unclear as to what exactly created the successes that were notable in the studies. DISCUSSION School Uniforms affect schools in a better way, appears that only when the school and community have done research and done their homework. The successful schools first compiled reasons for wanting school uniforms and then decided if they were relevant or not. There were surveys taken of staff, parents and the community to find out what the level of support was for the administration if they had to enforce a school uniform policy. Several steps were conducting and it appeared to work for many school districts. It is important to listen to everyone concerning the adoption of a uniform policy (Brunsma, 2006, p. 116). Slowly moving to give the community time to think about the positives and negatives of their decision is must. When wanting to implement the uniforms the style and nature should be considered as well the school history (McBrayer, p. 126). The students should always be involved in the decision making and choices, but they may not make the final decision. Parents and schools need to decide what is safest and healthiest for all and not just the individual. There were other changes incorporated in the schools at the same time the school uniform policy was adopted. Some examples of the changes that took place with the uniform policy adoptions were; changes in the curriculum, new problems solving curriculums, more teachers in the hallways between classes, and new discipline procedures. Changes are continuous and therefore it is difficult to only rely on one at a time. It is a very difficult job for administrators to develop safe and healthy schools. However, there are times that an administrator may determine a factor in the success of the school’s dress code, no dress code, or uniform policy. Consistency is very important part of keeping the students safe. CONCLUSION For the support of school uniforms the research of evidence, or the lack thereof, it is recommended that each school districts review the information concerning school uniform policies. Probably what would be best is observing a school that already has uniforms. Members involved should observe a school similar to their own; rural, urban or suburban, size and community standards. Members should also recognize and consider steps taken by other schools when they first enforced the school uniforms. It is very important to learn as much as they can about mistakes that took place at the other schools and consider possible successful alternatives. When putting a school uniform policy into effect everyone involved should have a discussion with the community including the students. Parents, students, administrators, teachers, support staff, and board members are all part of the community and should have a decision in the final decision. In the decision making they need to also discuss the prices of the uniforms and if there is going to be help for the ones who cannot afford paying for them. The future of our society depends on confident, inclusive, and caring people focused on valuing the skills, abilities and talents of all the decision makers. I believe that all students deserve a safe learning environment. School uniforms might be the best solutions to the public elementary schools education needs to stop the competitiveness of clothes and create better learning environments in student’s achievements and positive social outcomes. Anderson, W. 2004, February). School dress codes and uniform policies. College of Education, University of Oregon. Eric Digest, 148. Boutelle, M. (2008, February). Uniforms: Are They a Good Fit? Education Digest, 73, 34-37. Brunsma, D. (2004). The school uniform movement and what it tells us about American education. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Education. Brunsma, D. ( 2006, Jan/Feb). School uniform policies in public school. Principal, 85, 50-53. Brunsma, D. (2006). Uniforms in public schools A decade of research and debate. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield Education. Darden, E. (2008, January). What Not to Wear. American School Board Journal, 195, 36-37. French Toast Official School Wear http://frenchtoast. com/jump. jsp? itemID=0itemType=HOME_PAGEcobrand=www. frenchtoast. com Konheim-Kalkstein, Y. (2006, August). A uniform look. American School Board Journal, 193, 25-27. McBrayer, S. (2007, September). The school uniform movement and what it tells us about American education: A Symbolic Crusade. Catholic Education: A Journal of Inquiry and Practice, 11, 124-126. Viadero, D. (2005, January). Uniform effects? Schools cite benefits of student uniforms, but researchers see little evidence of effectiveness. Education Week, 24, 27-29. How to cite School Uniform, Essay examples

Traumatic Stress Disorder Essays - Psychiatry, Behavioural Sciences

Traumatic Stress Disorder After experiencing a traumatic event, the mind has been known to horde away the details and memories and then send them back at unexpected times and places, sometimes after years have passed. It does so in a haunting way that makes the recall just as disturbing as the original event. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the name for the acquired mental condition that follows a psychologically distressing event "outside the range of usual human experience" (Bernstein, et al). There are five diagnostic criteria for this disorder and there are no cures for this affliction, only therapies which lessen the burden of the symptoms. The root of the disorder is a traumatic event which implants itself so firmly in the mind that the person may be shackled by the pain and distress of the event indeinately, experiencing it again and again as the mind stays connected with the past rather than the present, making it difficult to think of the future. The research on this topic is all rather recent as the disorder was only added to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) in the last twenty years. Yet, the disorder is quite common, threatening to control and damage the lives of approximately eight percent of the American population [5% of men and 10% of women]. Any person is a potential candidate for developing PTSD if subject to enough stress. There is no predictor or determining factor as to who will develop PTSD and who will not. Although all people who suffer from it have experienced a traumatic event, not all people who experience a traumatic event will develop PTSD. Each persons individual capacity for coping with catastrophic events determines their risk of acquiring PTSD. And not everyone will experience the same symptoms; some may suffer only a few mild symptoms for a short period of time, others may be completely absorbed, still others who experience great trauma may never develop any symptoms at all (Friedman). More than any other psychological problem, symptoms are a reaction to an overwhelming external event, or series of events. From a historical perspective, the concept of PTSD made a significant change in the usual stipulation that the cause of a disorder could be outside of the self, rather than some inherent individual weakness (Friedman). There are many situations that may lead to developing PTSD, including: "serious threats to one's life or well being, or to children, spouse or close friends/relatives; sudden destruction of home or community; and witnessing the accidental or violent death or injury of another" (Bernstein, et al). Characteristic symptoms include re-experiencing the event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event or numbing of general responsiveness, increased arousal not present before the event, and duration of the disturbance for at least one month (Johnson). When a bomb exploded the Oklahoma Federal building in 1996, hundreds of lives were affected. Not only are the people who were in the explosion in danger of re-experiencing it over and over, but so are the people who witnessed the aftermath, from bystanders to the rescue workers on scene. The surviving employees not only were physically injured in the blast, but saw the deaths of their coworkers and children. Surviving a horrific trauma that many others did not is enough to cause serious emotional harm. For the rescue workers who arrived, many of them saw death and people who they could not help; feeling helpless and guilty may manifest into intrusive recollection and nightmares. To explain further, the first criteria is that the person was at one time exposed to a traumatic event involving actual or threatened death or injury, where the response was marked by intense fear, horror or helplessness (Pfefferbaum). This event may have taken place only weeks ago, or as far back in memory as forty years. The disorder is most commonly found among survivors of war, abuse and rape. It also occurs after assorted crime and car accidents, as well as after community disasters such as hurricanes and floods. Workers of rescue missions are subjected to situations of severe stress frequently. Many emergency response workers (police, nurses, and medics) may become overwhelmed by the trauma they see so many people go through and end up with intrusive recollections themselves. Secondly, the trauma is re-experienced in the form of nightmares, flashbacks, intrusive memories and/or unrest in situations that are similar to the traumatic experience by an associated stimuli (Pfefferbaum). Auditory or visual stimuli can evoke panic, terror, dread, grief or despair. Commonly, in the case of war veterans, the patient may